One of the common issues faced by menstruating women is ovarian cysts. While this condition is not usually serious and often resolves on its own, it can potentially become more dangerous and lead to miscarriage.
Ovarian cysts can occur during pregnancy when an egg is released from the ovary and fertilized by sperm, forming a cyst due to the empty follicle that housed the egg. In some cases, cysts can grow to the size of a golf ball, causing concern for pregnant mothers. This is because ovarian cysts are feared to disrupt the health of the mother or the fetus.
However, ovarian cysts during pregnancy are not always harmful. They may shrink around the tenth week and disappear by the sixteenth week of pregnancy. Moreover, cysts formed during pregnancy do not pose a threat to the mother or the fetus. Nevertheless, they may cause discomfort such as abdominal cramps and pain.
Physiological cysts that naturally occur during pregnancy do not affect the fetus and have the potential to grow normally and healthily. On the other hand, dangerous cysts in pregnant women are triggered by changes in cells that carry the risk of miscarriage. Early detection of these cysts during pregnancy is crucial.
Ultrasound examinations can determine the diameter of pathological (dangerous) cysts. If a cyst found exceeds 5 cm in diameter, especially reaching up to 15 cm, it is estimated to interfere with the pregnancy. Moreover, cysts originating from the pelvic cavity and are dangerous have distinct characteristics. They usually have roots that can lead to complications like torsion. The development of these complications becomes more serious between the 10th and 15th weeks of pregnancy.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Some symptoms of ovarian cysts include:
- Lower abdominal pain.
- Nausea.
- Mild fever.
In certain conditions, if a cyst ruptures, the individual may experience vomiting along with unbearable pain in the lower abdomen. These symptoms resemble those of ectopic pregnancy rupture or pregnancies outside the uterus, which can be life-threatening and result in intrauterine death. If detected early in pregnancy, actions are taken in the first trimester to prevent spontaneous abortion. Therefore, if pregnant, regular prenatal check-ups are essential.
Treatment for Ovarian Cysts
If you experience symptoms due to growing cysts, it’s advisable to consult with a doctor regarding the necessity of immediate surgery. There are two types of surgeries used to remove cysts:
- Laparoscopy: This minimally invasive surgery involves less pain and requires faster recovery time. It is performed by inserting a laparoscope (a small tube-shaped microscope with a camera and light at its tip) into the abdomen through small incisions. Gas is then injected into the abdomen to facilitate the procedure. The cyst is removed, and the incisions are closed with dissolvable stitches.
- Laparotomy: This surgery is performed if the cyst is large or if there is a possibility of it developing into cancer. Laparotomy involves making a single incision in the abdomen, then the cyst is removed, and the incision is closed with stitches.
If surgery is not required, the doctor may recommend pain relievers to alleviate discomfort. Alternatively, contraceptive methods such as pills, vaginal rings, or injections may be prescribed to help prevent ovulation, reducing the likelihood of developing more cysts.
