Understanding Epidermoid Cysts
Epidermoid cysts, also known as sebaceous cysts, are characterized by the emergence of lumps beneath the skin. These lumps contain keratin and are typically benign. Cysts usually appear on the face, neck, hands, legs, inner cheeks, and even intimate areas.
In essence, cysts fall into the category of non-harmful conditions. They grow slowly and are not cancerous. Epidermoid cysts usually have a relatively small size. These lumps contain thick, foul-smelling fluid. They typically have a yellow-brownish appearance. Cysts rarely pose health problems, but they can affect appearance, cause discomfort, rupture, and lead to infection.
Causes of Epidermoid Cysts
Cysts occur due to the accumulation of keratin and dead skin cells trapped beneath the skin. Keratin is a protein naturally occurring in skin cells. Cysts develop when this protein becomes trapped under the skin due to skin or hair follicle disturbances.
These cysts may be associated with specific genetic conditions, especially if they develop before puberty. For example, Gardner and Gorlin syndromes. Additionally, excessive exposure to UV radiation can also be a cause of epidermoid cysts. HPV infection is also mentioned as a potential trigger for cyst formation under the skin.
Risk Factors for Epidermoid Cysts
Several factors can increase the risk of epidermoid cysts, including:
- Skin trauma
- HPV infection
- Acne-prone skin
- Excessive sun exposure
- Being male
- Ages 30-40 years old
Symptoms of Epidermoid Cysts
Symptoms include a lump that can be pressed and does not fluctuate (does not move up and down when pressed). Central punctum-like spots are often present. Epidermoid cysts usually are asymptomatic. However, when a cyst ruptures, there can be redness, swelling, and the discharge of yellow, foul-smelling fluid.
Diagnosis of Epidermoid Cysts
The diagnosis of epidermoid cysts is based on symptoms and direct examination. The doctor will conduct an examination based on observations of the patient’s physical appearance. Additional tests such as lab work and X-rays are rarely needed.
Treatment of Epidermoid Cysts
The most effective treatment is surgical removal of the cyst. The procedure involves local anesthesia injection, an incision in the skin, and cyst removal. If there is surrounding inflammation, surgery may be postponed, and anti-inflammatory ointment will be administered first. Side effects of surgical procedures include the possibility of infection, bleeding, and scarring.
After surgery, avoid contact sports and heavy activities. Stitches can be removed within 7-10 days. Surgical scars typically take 8 weeks to reach 80% of the original skin strength. Scars are treated 6-12 months after surgery.
During wound care after surgery, ensure that the wound remains dry. Consume protein-rich foods to support the formation of new tissue.
Clean the wound regularly with normal saline (such as infusion fluid or clean water) and use antiseptics containing iodine. Clean the wound regularly if it becomes dirty or wet.
In addition to surgery, treatment can be done by injecting corticosteroids into the cyst to reduce swelling and pain. Laser treatment can also be used to remove infected cysts.
Prevention of Epidermoid Cysts
Generally, cysts cannot be prevented. However, the risk of epidermoid cyst growth can be minimized by protecting the skin from UV sunlight exposure. When outdoors, wear a hat, sunglasses, and protect the skin with sunscreen. Avoid attempting to remove cysts yourself to prevent infection and recurrence.
When to See a Doctor?
If a lump appears on the body, it is advisable to consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis. Doctors who may be involved in the treatment of epidermoid cysts include general practitioners, dermatologists, and surgical specialists.
Contact a doctor immediately if experiencing the above symptoms. Prompt treatment can minimize complications, allowing for faster treatment.
